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WWI-The War To End All Wars

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war crimes on Summer 1970 American troops into the battle in the phone with that here Russia in 1918 and take our who sues for peace with Russia they signed a peace treaty in March of 1918 good 1980 / a conquest for not just territory in Europe but also perhaps colonies worldwide  on the western European proof continue their four-year struggle living in a vast network of trenches that's the French country muddy weather swimming with lice and Rec morale among soldiers on both sides of the conflict is it an old time low  before German forces launched one last offensive in March of 1918 it does nobody's been able to do for 3 years a brake switch it breaks throughout the spring of 1918 Gambler going to get to Paris yes they get to within 30 miles of Paris actually Paris  running the first contingent of American forces join the trend  answers for the first big battle to America fight at secretary and at Bell and we can credit the Americans with actually stopping that drives Paris they stopped the German Defender am I July over a million American fruits flood into your the fervor of War a battle mentality can be felt on both sides of the Atlantic the target at home one suspected of undermining the war effort the town of Bisbee Arizona  it's a town that at the turn of the century was the center of turn off the mic natural human resources going on in Wheeling and fashion copper is a very valuable commodity every bullet requires copper and said the cost of copper goes through the roof and the companies are making Fortune to go to the workers the miners moster Union member stageworks officer demanding better working conditions and higher pay business owners counter by organizing towns turn into what they call support the radicals and they begin at dawn and they announce you to all the women and children off the streets today more than a thousand people went through town is Regatta. People turn on the car I like the cars out of town create the national controversy brings together all kinds of Labor leaders and former people who often wouldn't have been really sympathetic to what the striker the government sends a series of investigators to go in New Vista gate the conditions of work and the conditions under which is deportation took place the report that is eventually released criticizes the actions of the citizens and mine owners but by that time the unions are shutdown and the workers themselves very little of what they want  and so this I think sets the stage for things like the Espionage Act that's passed in 1917 at 6th and it in my 18 with a significant penalties for people who speak out against the draft or against the war effort in Europe General Pershing commander of US troops is fighting a battle of his own enough water they really doesn't encourage American generals to feel that the Allies really have a good game plan here but just give him American soldiers through through it and she very very hard especially with the French to get his own sector of the western command and that finally have is the part of 1981 of the war is to have a very strong influence on the team and the only way that that's going to happen is if the American contributionism in a carefully coordinated effort the Allies launched a major attack on the children position volume conversion 4th and Western when person is criticized in a wire the Americans all bogged down we're near the French and British armies are making all this progress along other parts of the Sun everything argued that he's fighting in an area that Germany has a four years it's wooded titrate completely entrenched and in that any fighting the Germans training off  this is one of the rare MO in the war when black troops are engaged in something more than manual labor African American soldiers were largely relegated to Service Unit cast to provide manual labor ditch-digging before many of them were not given the kind of military training that they needed to be effective in combat and those who the Battle of some really difficult situations without kind of training that they need it  a lot of people look at the American change first world war and say well we hardly find that look at what happened to Germany related to skin  despite heavy Ally muscles German forces are pushed back to their own boy apply line they have nothing left and all they can see now is the others are pushing forward and more and more hair so finally they realize that the Warriors lost  rather than have their country invaded German military leaders an Armistice and will give the warring parties time to sit down and talk  almost a year earlier Wilson presenter please plan  unbroken describe one of the United States was fighting one of the slogans he developed was the United States was fighting this war to end all wars he says that the United States was fighting to make the world safe for democracy Play Secrets they were fighting over for right and democracy and freedom that behind closed doors they had negotiated these territory changes of what they were going to gain when they want and so this is seems like you know there's fighting a war of Conquest just like Germany is so what's the difference and Lennon challenges make it more clear and Wilson we ordered after the war to create Lake Auto peace without victory and what do you meant by that was that the world after the war would different from the world before by ending these secret alliances the secret treaties he thought that the Morehead and so devastating to the participants in Europe that now they would be willing to end this kind of greed that had led to the war and history since then has been a contest over whose vision would win out of a realist view of knee Ginger basically bad and that they will fight each other and just got to build up your strength as much as you can and deal with others that way or that nations are capable of cooperating  that is everyone looking out for everyone else's Interest Who Would General enter Stelara which came to be called the League of Nations in summer liberal internationalism based on Arbiter on an organization that could lift itself outside the realm of Asians in alliances and make policy decisions or at least fast and judge them and hand down decisions on which nation was right conflict  even when the 14.4 first issue Britain and France not support they are fighting to defeat Germany and they one piece of Vengeance against Germany and they're fighting for territory they expect your Mancala needs to be transferred to them when the war is over so we'll finish the Fourteen Points clemenceau doesn't even read them until German shoes for an arm and face on down and so right there working the foundation for problems that will become clearer when the people actually being issued one of the largest crowds in French history is in his purpose is to shape the Contours of the post-war era it turns out he can't because those realis the French and the British say sure will do an illegal Nations but the British say we want our big Navy and the French say we want a lop off part of Germany and we want the Germans to be responsible for this war and they're going to have to pay us billions of dollars and Wilson says oh okay okay long as I have my League of Nations so from that point on Wilson's Vision clashes with the hard reality International Wilson's critic said that he compromised too much that the peace treaty that emerge from the Paris peace conference was not a piece Victor's a piece that punished Germany he compromised on the territorial settlement in the Far East he compromised on the territorial settlement in Poland all of these compromises he made so that the other nations would agree creation of the League of Nations nobody gets really what they want the fragile clemenceau want the security Arrangements at temperature Britain Wilson wants the Fourteen Points enacted he gets off self-determination in Wilson's mind really was essentially an idea that he only really meant to apply to Europe but its greatest impact in a non-western world for example not in China and in in Korea actually I think starting to get out of hand for the colonial powers in all of those shortness Wilson officer Pandora stock of encouraging this National should not dare to speak against Colonial play came to the point of jip shinsei asking him to support their cause he said no no no thank you I don't want to do that but the idiot logically the news Lansing National self-determination and a major goal I think is very important has he been turns from France Wilson is well aware of the political obstacles waiting for him at home Wilson lake or adversary in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee chaired by Henry Cabot Lodge a man who absolutely despise Wilson rejected the treaty that the league is going to have the ability to say America must send troops over in order to protect Britain the Congress that has this power are we sing that power given control of our armies to an international organization tires that we're criticizing around the world Wilson would compromise quite a bit at Paris with the other leaders of the hours in order to get the League of Nations he wouldn't compromise with that he wouldn't allow the Senate of the United States include certain reservations that the United States would reserve the right to decide whether it would deploy its troops Democratic senators begged him to allow that kind of reservation but he wouldn't report pressure on Congress countries really behind this idea of the league of nation and make them answer to the American people he has rousing sessions give me the speech how do I bring tears to people's eyes and at the end of that he becomes incredibly nauseated starts twitching and it's doctor is afraid that he's about to have a heart attack right there rushes him back to Washington where he in fact suffers a stroke several days later and this is gorgeous from this point on which our Wilson is out of the picture he wasn't in command his wife really took over as acting president show called that but she was president in everything but name turn comfortably the disappears and the two of them together Wilson and his wife Edith came to see conspiracies all around him and one of the conspiracies they thought was at work these Democratic senators who begged Wilson to allow reservations to be included in the no treaty or conspiring to undermine his work and then of course the end of the story because it does down the tree and so when he leaves office in United States but to tell me a story in the legacy of Wilson's Vision does not end abruptly there's a deer which many people have other that some kind of orientation return to American foreign policy victim sample wisdom emphasize this element idea that the nation should not depend so much on the Armed Forces speakers that invite more but they should be willing to scrap their ships and guns and so on to devote their energies to peaceful you can clearly see the next sound in the Versailles treaty first of all just the claws of war guilt the bridge your friends insist on terminal never accept Germany does not believe it alone cause the war and I think that events in fact prove them right  Germany refuses to accept responsibility lots of industry and coal fields and proper it's summer for payments in some of those countries like Poland Czechoslovakia and Austria there are German minority populations who would rather be part of Germany  third day make your device in postwar world it seems clear that World War II as World War II for a reason this is not a concern your true  even turn the Paris peace conference are more concerned about the turbulent events at home and they are about International negotiations  you have an immediate Russian government contracts you have strike race riot it's incredibly unsettled turbulence this is the environment to which formula then come home and start looking for jobs and as a bonus song  the fact that black soldiers fought in the War has almost no impact on white attitude but it does have a profound effect on how blacks feel  veteran and not to do social category and it need something very distinct in American history enter World War 1 veterans like other Generations before and after them they found their cause they should want their series of race riots turbine North there's also physical violence targeted against African Americans in the year 1919 at perhaps as many as 70 African Americans turn lights to a single year their stories of African-American soldiers being lynched while wearing their uniforms again one of the tragic irony of the 20th century but it also I think showed what a threatening symbol you know a strong African American soldier in the US military uniform would have been too too a lot of people have in the white south of this time  at the end of the war a number people become upset with purging the country of radical splosion of American patriotism in 1990 of the Crackdown on the Communists and the first real major American Red Scare in 1999 crack onions you have a spectacularly violent strikes and strike breaking in that year all this is usually attributed to the intensity of the pro-war Tampa no place to go once the war which was very brief was over and on top of this there was The Growing Power of the Socialist Party in America had a remarkable games between 1910 and 1917 the Socialist Party won many many state and local elections so you had this and that there was a relationship between foreigners between immigration and between these radical political ideas of of anarchism socialism in ultimately communism keep in mind the course of this is only two years after the Russian Revolution the Bolshevik Menace of Russia was still very fresh in everyone's Minds as a new force in the world but the Red Scare after World War 1 how much to do with a fear of military invisibility in the back to Washington on Wall Street and elsewhere terrified Americans  attorney general Palmer and his ambitious J Edgar Hoover orchestrate a series of raids on alleged radical Center arresting more than 6,000 people without either search warrants or arrest warrants that held them in detention for long periods of time without him bringing charges against they had especially singled out a lot of immigrants a lot of aliens the Supreme Court which in this period was not the most cast of the courtship X drew the line or attempted to somewhat moderate this kind of Hysteria it was really in some cases that arose out of the Espionage Act in the first world war that the screen Court announced that the clear and present danger standard was applicable to freedom of speech that went to jail for saying things in the first World War. nobody would have even flooded possible to conduct people in the second world war during the Korean War of the Vietnam War saying those kinds of things opposition to the government opposition to Warren economic problems labor unrest racial tension and the intensity of anti radicalism combined to create a general sense of on the one in World War One legitimized a whole range of governmental activities that had not had legitimacy before and in particular sum of ways in which the government try to regulate the economy on the other hand the war and the aftermath of the war win for another year is so similar social turmoil over many of the same issues to make it more difficult for the government to move in that direction in the future people were just tired there had been a great dealer friend to deck to get people involved in to feel socially responsible and culminated of course in the great moral Crusade of the first World War. will say for democracy in Warren Harding invented by people and people and yet the legacy of Woodrow Wilson will serve as a reference point for decades to come  weather tomorrow interpretation history as art in War what the **** the world history with that were meant for the continued development of the United States to democracy to other people as well describe this to my students is Jackson Pollock painting  the squiggle fish Turtles and trips and so on and you ask yourself the world is that mean and then a smart alec comes in for the museum next to you and starts talking knowledgeably about the way the painting is constructed in what is an Arcane but actually begin to make sense to the United States beer and this kind of like is kind of making the rounds pretty sure that's Wilson who manages to synthesize and put them together in the same way that has redness with people that makes it understandable and very much The Unfinished nation is it 82 part American history series for more information about this program and a company materials call +1-800-576-2988 or visit us online at w UW Telecom. Org

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WWI-The War To End All Wars

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