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Just the Facts- The Great Depression

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at the height of the Roaring Twenties you Americans could have imagined that the front Freddy the great bull market October 29th 1929 for bringing a devastating stock market crash and marking the beginning of one of the darkest. In America history  from 1949 to 1941 American citizens were forced to deal with the extraordinary hardships and uncertainty and throughout the Great Depression stock market crash was in symbol for the end of the year of economic expansion it was one of the many factors that led to the Great Depression is there have been long-term problems production which led to economic reparations after World War 1 head cause of global depression The Triplets of American coupled with the reduction of sales in foreign markets for the delay to a sharp decline in prices in addition there was an uneven distribution relations wealth  well the rich businessman got richer they killed to raise wages for their laborers by an equal percentage  sing play where's were often unable to buy the very product they were producing and when people can I buy companies cannot sell all of these issues paid the way depression in the wake of the crash president Herbert Hoover feared that the American people on confidence in business the state of the economy what can Hoover began by lowering income taxes hoping that its citizens spent less on their earnings and taxes they might be more inclined to invest in his stuff a dork purchase  the income taxes were already low the new Cod give the public very little extra spending money and a little positive effect demonstrated in the economy  Uber was also concerned that the result of the financial Panic would mean the businessman would cut employee wages in an effort to cut Hoover knew that this would have a negative effect on the economy so he sings a series of meetings with the top business Executives in the nation Hoover requested that workers wages say exactly the same for the most part the executives agreed and they plan to lower workers wages  one business and what a step further to increase the confidence of the American people Henry Ford make millions in the 1920s by the mass production of the Model T  Hampton fast for promise not only to maintain weight but also increase wages for his assembly line workers from 6 to $7 a day  Ford with go to do this by level increasing wages for the employees who earn higher salaries was even Ford's it to when did Little to change the declining level of confidence that was plaguing the American people one of the reasons for this with a change in the news media and the twenties newspaper focused on the booming stock market treatments of Heroes Charles Lindbergh boosted the crash and increasing number of news stories focus on corrupted hardships in everyday life and the allegedly increase suicide rate among those who face Financial ruin happens all the crash affected relatively few Americans in the months that immediately followed the level of anxiety about the crash that's too old but a dire stories in newspapers caused many to spend less money and conserve as much as possible lower-income Americans often but large items on installment plan before the crash in the aftermath they save what wages they earn as the threat of layoffs looms larger the wealthier class often had the most advanced in their forehead the most who's when Black Tuesday came as their extra income evaporated they to something that thing and severely limited the amount of money they spend small business owner suffered greatly as a result  as merchandise language delay in storefront windows and profits continue to diminish thanks we're all so hard hit by the crash well over 1,000 banks closed in 1930 alone the next year that number nearly doubled most of these banks have been speculating in the stock market with our customers money and an increasing number of banks closed their doors more and more Americans saw their life savings despite the efforts made by President Hoover to reassure the American people public confidence in the state of the economy worships in previous deck economic downturns have been referred to as Panic the president felt the Panic was too harsh a word and sought another one that would decrease the level of anxiety in the public overturn this latest slump of depression the name took  Hoover maintained his view that the federal government should not either where would free enterprise he felt that Federal Regulation would undermine the capital of system upon which the American economy was  people encouraging industry was an important step toward ending the depression he was strictly opposed to any form of welfare program thinking that giving money directly to the unemployed which stripped them of their in horses the depression  goobers have to protect American business man in Farmers from foreign competition the result was the smooth collie the Act was passed in 1930 and it raised tariffs on many good by as much as 60%  the results of the new Terrace was single Target  World Trade decline in other countries raise their tariffs to counter the exorbitant American race Hawley Tariff Act was supposed to protect the American economy but instead it helped deepen the devastation and lengthen the course of the Great Depression is a hard time continue to get worse even Americans who never invested in the stock market begin to feel the pinch in March of 1930 they were between three 4 million people out of work that number double by the following year and buy 1933 roughly one-quarter of the nation's population was overcrowding unemployment many people took this selling apples of the street corners and major cities in order to support their family since you people have any extra money to spend some store on is accepted other items and fair trade for food and other good and bad things were in the city things were much worse in America's farmland in previous decade money for where's in Frontiersman settled in the Great Plains due to the rich soil and steady rainfall that make growing crops Dependable way of life  the Advent of Newman Henry like the reaper in the tractor make farming large plots of land much easier  but what many of these Farmers failed to realize was it continually killing and growing on the same plot of land they were actually depleting the soil of its new free alone would not necessarily spell disaster 1931 just as the Great Depression with settling in throughout the country a massive drought struck the plains the effect of the drop was compounded by a record Farmers have been struggling with food surpluses high shipping rates and low purchase prices for years but now they were forced to watch their crop wither away before their eyes the situation worsened gusting winds blew across the cracking nutrients to soil causing blinding families were forced to take cover at the onslaught and farm animals that will expose the population would Devon split only rain all the relief rain did not come by the region soon came to be called the Dust Bowl when it looked like life in the plane couldn't get any harder it fueled by the hot dry climate plagues of locusts swarm over the Farmland eating the leaves from every plant they passed Farmers did what they could to feed their families but as the drug for severe form of bank foreclosure became clear too many did moving wet with the only option  California was unaffected by the drought and offered plumbing job to migrant workers who would do seasonal labor religions many former land of their belongings into the automobile in search of this kind of Labor California Farmers nickname the group's Okie a derogatory term for people who came to make Oklahoma area at first there was work to be found what is the drought from war on and more and more families left the plane the jobs in California that came harder to come by minority groups are African Americans Mexican immigrants and women wear off in a hardest hit by the depression when employers were forced to lay off workers African Americans were routinely good first to go  likewise African-Americans were the last one to be hired long is a white man  Mexicans were seen as a threat to the job market many immigrants were deported in some state government even stayed immigrants to enter their borders domestic servants were seen as Expendable luxury many women lost the only job for which they were eligible some women were hired into factory work because they could be paid less than men for the same job  women who are employed this way came under Fire from Men Who I have no business working in the first place especially when many men couldn't afford to feed their family with no end of the depression inside the American people began looking for someone to blame Fortune State Farm Biscuit Goes in the president Herbert Hoover  unemployment levels could not keep up with her bills as a result many foster homes  groups of the Nations homeless banded together creating new communities or Shanty towns in the outskirts of City shelters were built out of available materials and there was no electricity in oven no running water  food safe set Hoover's economic policy that created the depression towns were often called Hoovervilles  in fact Hoover's name came to be so sad a mice with a Great Depression that by 1932 many Americans called it the Hoover depression  1932 was an election year and the people we're looking for a new deal and this is just what the Americans received in 1932 the Democratic party nominated Franklin Delano is there a presidential candidate Roosevelt have been governor of New York where his Progressive politics made him immensely popular with those suffering through depression acceptance speech Roosevelt promised to break with the conventions of the current Administration and Auburn citizen what he calls a new deal the Republicans nominated President Hoover for a second term Gober was often wrongfully chance on someone new Roosevelt defeated Hoover carrying all but six of the nation's 48 states Roosevelt or FDR's was commonly known was the first Democratic president 12 years but that was only the first of many changes he was to bring to the American people the only thing we have to fear is fear itself with those word spoken on his inauguration day in March 1933 Franklin D Roosevelt have little positive effect he would have to back up his speech with immediate action Roosevelt felt that his election was a mending by the American people not only have the elected you but Democrats were also given a majority in Congress  FDR knew that he had the public support and this was Google during what came to be known as Roosevelt's hundred days  who's it opens of where that the American banking system was on the verge of collapse and the to prevent immediate reform was necessary  21st pulled in office he called a special session of Congress to address the banking issue  FDR declare the following Day a national holiday and temporarily closed all the banks in the country  government officials inspected the bank and those that were allowed to reopen turn by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation since the federal government was now ensuring their money many Americans felt secure in depositing money into bank again on March 12th 1933 Roosevelt gave the first of what came to be known as his Fireside Chats using the new and vastly popular radio medium FDR spoke to the American people about the banking crisis  increases in public with respect and didn't spare them any of the details by being so forthright FDR game the trunk of many of his legendary  he pulled no punches in describing how bad things that got what he also assured the public that together syncis Roosevelt performed another highly symbolic I as he pushed for the end of probation but if you are felt that lifting the ban would improve public morale  April 7th 1933 on new low-alcohol beer went on sale this act exactly what FDR thought it was in support for the president grew even further  Roosevelt sought a way to get the economy movie again Hoover it financially stimulating big business would help the American people more jobs available  Hoover work from the top of the down to the bottom  50 are different in the Viewpoint feeling instead that financial help given to the American people would in turn help big business boom to the push through a host of new legislation that would work from the bottom of the economic pyramid up to the top  because these acts ministrations were to buy initials many people would come to refer to them as alphabet soup what are the first measures was designed to get people working again what should ministration be unemployed jobs in building and repairing roads and park come on the CCC employed over two million men and field New Park  the national industrial Recovery Act passed June 1933 was passed in attempt to fix the problem in Industry the Nira created the National Recovery Administration it allowed Trade Organization these companies were allowed to set minimum wages than minimum price in violation  eventually the Supreme Court ruled much of the Nira unconstitutional because it alone competing business to form Union two could be considered  what is the most important parts of the Nira remained intact a lever the Public Works Administration was created to get more unemployed Americans a chance to earn a living while bettering Society  workers of the pwa Pedro's and constructive dance Roosevelt was also sensitive to the plight of the nation's Farmers low prices years of drought has all but ruined the farming industry in FDR use his first hundred days in office to give Farmers to support they so desperately needed what's the farm Security Administration money to Farmers helping to raise prices for agriculture the Tennessee Valley Authority was created under the provision of the rural electrification Act put people to work on the electrical power can use electricity for the first time the electricity greatly improved life for many farmers  the lakes also served as popular Recreation Spa what fisherman swimmer is in picnic President Roosevelt was well aware that the economy was in a state of emergency while programs like the TV tea and the pwa created jobs for the unemployed Hefty on you they're still bored enough jobs for everyone who needed work is answer was the Federal emergency relief Administration was authorized to get a total of 500 million dollars to individual states to help their relief organizations this money was used to help those who are in dire need of food clothing or shelter but it was left up to the state to decide how best they could utilize the money the Monumental reform legislation passed during the first hundred days of the Roosevelt administration send a powerful message to the American people relief recovery and reform measures prove to the country that the president was committed to easing their suffering  what measures came with heavy price tags puts the administration operated on a system called deficit spending  simply pick this meant that the federal government was spending more money who's collecting  Roosevelt and his cabinet felted by keeping taxes low and sending money they would give the American people more money to spend and invest when the economy bounce back the government would recoup their losses in producing Roosevelt's hundred day you did much to boost the spirits of the American people but in terms of the economy only as flag Improvement was achieved millions of Americans were do unemployed I'm drunk with still plaguing the farmers in the plane FDR saw that there was much left to be done and in 1935 he began his second way of New Deal legislation many of the new measures were aimed at strengthening and refining previous New Deal legislation but one of these measures was drastically different  the Social Security provided pension for elderly workers compensation for victims of industrial accidents financial aid to the unemployed well as many other Americans who are in need of it prior to 1935 Americans who were unable to save enough money to retire were forced to continue working farmers and low pay libraries were often unable to save enough money and they were forced to depend on Ritalin when they got too old to work the Social Security program was run by a Federal partnership for jointly by employers and workers  Roosevelt felt that the workers should contribute so they'd have a legal and moral to collect their benefits he also felt it by having the American public participate in the program but no subsequent Administration no matter how conservatives would overturn this so security system  conservatives within Congress were outraged feeling the Social Security was an inherently come in its existence that would destroy the in who did up a hard-working American people extreme of liberal faction thought that the system did too little for Farmer the sick and the elderly one Louisiana Senator named Huey P long came out strongly against the New Deal he felt that the government should guarantee every American family in annual income of make $500 a year  using the slogan Every Man a king long gained a huge following among the people hardest hit by the depression FDR's programs truck a middle ground between the laissez-faire traditionalism of the conservatives and the ideal yet unattainable goals of those like long the American people were very much in favor of the Social Security Act and within 2 years the Social Security Board was collecting payments from laborers and their employees the Social Security System Market bull departure from the traditional American government no longer with the government continuous hands-off policy for the economy said the new measure would ensure financial support of the American people from the Cradle to the Grave labor unions made huge advances During the period of the new deal in many other Publix President Roosevelt expressed his concern for the American working there early New Deal legislation was designed to get the unemployed working again and to support whatever it's benefiting the hungry and needy but FDR also wanted the government to limit the number of hours in a work day raise wages and guarantee unemployment the national industrial Recovery Act passed in 1933 stated that employees have the right to organize and bargain collectively for their right-handed players did not have the right to interfere membership in labor unions increase tremendously  what Congress didn't stop there in 1936 the Eddie strikebreaker Act was passed put on faces that it was illegal to transport a strikebreaker than Interstate or foreign trade  the public contracts Act established minimum wages clearly limited child labor and provided for overtime compensation play for overtime works  on February 13th 1937 do United Automobile workers of America won a decisive victory for Laborers everywhere forcing General Motors one of the most powerful companies in the country into negotiating their demand  instead of walking off the job in for me skipping workers remain inside the plants in fact refusing to work until their demands were met this came to be known as it down choose to be a highly effective tool for labor  the Striking workers remain inside the workplace it was impossible for employers to bring in new workers 1935 another Works program was established by the works progress administration  the WPA employed millions in constructing public buildings such as schools hospitals in post offices  a Kia Spectra WPA was that it provided work for artists photographers writers and factors professions that wear play ignored by previous reform artist painted murals to beautify public buildings  doctors provided entertainment to the depression marry people  writer compose State travel guide with combined information on the land its history and Architectural Curiosities but it was perhaps the WPA photographers Who provided the greatest service to history artist like Walker Evans and Dorothea Lange travel throughout the country photographing the plight of the American people one image in particular captured the hardship of the depression Dorothea Lange's picture of a migrant mother and her children became one of the most Haunting depictions of life during this year  the WPA photographers created the lasting archive which remains a testament to the perseverance of the skin spirit in the face of turmoil the economic hard times did not stop American from seeking pleasure and escapism the movie the game extremely important to Citizens looking different get their troubles for a few hours movies provided cheap entertainment at often served as sources of information dancer depression war on people sought less expensive ways to have 1 families often stated home and play card games like Bridge  get a time when many Americans did not have enough delete eating contest people lined up to watch the lucky contestants gourds and tell them hot dog spaghetti your pies  endurance competitions like Michael said he also became popular in the 36 was started by Alvin shipwreck Kelly and the 20 and many imitator took up the dangerous. small monetary contributions from Curious onlookers  but one form of entertainment had its golden age during the Great Depression by 1934 approximately 60% of Americans own at least one radio programming as well as comedy dramas and sporting events  those who didn't have the money to go to concert Halls could tune in to hear swing comfrey and Blues what are the most startling news program to be broadcast over the radio came on May 6th 1937 radio reporter herb Morrison was documenting the arrival of the Hindenburg one of Germany's prize Zeppelin  When the Airship arrived in Lakehurst New Jersey burst into Flame Morrison reported what he saw along with Peter views of the survivors  consternation end Americans listen with rapt attention  video audience is also listed with horror as two of the 1920s experience need during the Great Depression in March 1932 the infant son of Charles Lindbergh with kidnapped and murdered the killer was brought to Justice and the media circus the trial the case the crime of the century in 92  Angelo G37 she attempted to daring around the world flying  who playing disappear and was assumed to have crashed somewhere off the coast of a remote island in the Pacific President Roosevelt sent out a message search team but on July 18th that search was event and the team returned empty-handed  The Remains have never recovery in the aftermath of World War 1 there was enormous debt in Europe the United States was one of the only countries involved in the war that did not suffer an extreme downturn in the economy in the Years immediately after  the economies in some European countries have gotten so bad that their citizens were looking for any means of salvation doing the 1930 fascist dictators like Adolf Hitler in Germany and Benito Mussolini in Italy came into par  these there's promise of people who Ira's upfront parity but these promises came at the price of Liberty who act of aggression Italian German and Japanese armies extended their empire and post a new threat to democracy around the world  the American public still wary of foreign tangle made it clear that they wanted no part in the new war that Loom  do credibly legislation enacted between 1935 and 1937 prohibited trade with any warring Nations when Germany's Nazi army invaded Poland in 1939 World War II erupted in Europe who's worried about losing public and the many improvements that have been made millions of Americans were still unemployed  FDR feared that involvement in another foreign would cost him the support he needed to enact further New Deal legislation  what's apathy after you are made with its people would soon to be broken as an unprecedented Act Russian on American soil proof that new travel was not an option December 7th 1941 stay place which one live  dim implement  on December 7th 1940 the Japanese Army made an airstrike on the American Naval Base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii  as a result of the attack America declared war I mean search powers of Japan Germany and Italy  is war production boom millions of Americans were put back to work in addition what are government borrowed billions of dollars to build up its defenses and armed services he's mented increasing deficit spending and did the Great Depression and the period of play prosperity to Impala  Franklin Roosevelt went on to become a great wartime president he is the only president ever to have won more than two terms in attention it was overwhelming popularity no it was ultimately World War II regret about the end of the Great Depression he does eearz New Deal legislation that has had the most lasting effect on the emergence of modern America FDR's leadership what maintaining the welfare of its people  services like Social Security unemployment insurance minimum wages and health and safety regulations seven sure the two Americans fall behind reforms in banking and Stock Exchange practices service protection for future Generations economic recessions may happen from time to time the financial securities that were established by the New Deal legislation helped to protect them from ever having to live through another Great Depression

Uploaded by Wayne Elmore.