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America Becomes a World Power

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1865 the United States had just concluded a devastating Civil War by the dawn of the century ushering in a period of confidence and optimism that would define the American character US territories filled out into the Caribbean and Pacific boost of expansionism forcing the u.s. Dual engine serial power  of course that would just America in the 20th century European nations have warmest list Imperial colonies the French Indochina the Spanish in the Pacific and the Caribbean 18th century they turned their attention to Africa carving it up eventually only Liberia and Ethiopia we're left is independent countries Russia and even crossed the Bering Strait and established a foothold on the North American continent it was in this competitive climate changeable what was the interest in expansion Silver Springs  the most important was you cannot  during the Civil War do us a greatly increased at 4 should have been your faction products dictating a desire to find new markets abroad and the need for more raw materials  second reason this military some believe that if the US last horrible Armed Forces it would not be able to defend its economic interests the third reason was belief in the racial superiority of Anglo Saxons white people of English descent especially the British and their American cousins in the late 100 mini British and Americans believe it was the white race is god-given duty to civilize and christianize the so-called inferior peoples of the British writer Richard Kipling's poem The White Man's Burden a beard and McClure's magazine romanticizing this idea take up White Man's Burden send for the best you breed go find your son to Exile to serve your captives need to wait in heavy yes on flooded folk and wild your new car selling people have devil child the expansionist philosophy is far from Universal a group of Educators writers and social activist who call themselves Anti-Imperialist opposed expansion serialism was it spread to the American value system that democracy should not keep other countries in servitude supertech has always been excused of the ruler and text gatherer the chief the king the Barons and now it of the white man the Anti-Imperialist also highlighted practical issues the huge cost of maintaining Army and Navy send the fear that expansion would take jobs away from us workers the late 19th century sewing three particularly key expansion that's that said an imperialist mood for the 20th century Among The staunchest Advocates of expansionism was Matthew Perry a career Navy man. recommended that the United States take active measures to secure a number of ports in the Pacific where they could refuel their cold burning steamships playnation of Japan seemed ideal there was one major problem Japan have been closed for over 200 years in the summer of 1853 Commodore Matthew Perry's window Harbor the gateway to Japan's Imperial City in a Rosewood box wrapped in silk very delivered a letter from President Fillmore asking the Japanese to open trade to give fair treatment Greg sailors many of the large ships of War destined to visit Japan not yet arrived so they are hourly expected series Expedition wizard on the China Coast then returned in February with eight heavily-armed battleships the threat of force to be enough to persuade the Japanese  add March 31st 1854 a treaty was signed the granted Fillmore's request opening the ports of Japan for trade with the US  Matthew Perry's gunboat diplomacy sound of the wake-up call for Japan storing them strengthen their Navy and modernize their Nation another method of attaining territory was to buy it in debt from the disastrous Crimean War where will Russia was open to selling their territory across the Bering Strait Russian Alaska Untamed Wilderness was ridiculed The Drury waste of glaciers ice white bears and walruses but US Secretary of State William H Seward had his eye on this piece of since 1860  Seward Alaska strategic value for trade or in the event of War he also fix your potential Alaska's resources especially timber in furs Seward was so eager to secure Alaska he entered into negotiations with the Russian the baron in the stucco without the go-ahead of the president or congress  on March 30th 1867 Seward and Michael signed the Treaty of cessation the US agreed to purchase Alaska from the Russians for 7.2 million dollars only two and a half cents an acre though Congress had yet to approve a single set for the deal he'll Americans viewed Alaska as a bargain the Press purchase as Seward's folly and Seward icebox but nearly one year later and after much political wrangling the US Treasury finally check and Alaska became a US territory in the early 1800s missionaries from New England made the arduous journey to Hawaii to spread Christianity we misinterpreted the Hawaiian culture believing the paradise and kept the Hawaiian from progressing instead of grasping all he can get he divides with his neighbor and confidently expects his neighbor to divide with him while the native Hawaiians were content to live in their traditional ways growing influx of Americans was visually building huge plantations Railways docks and hotels they soon dominated the Island's economy and neither influence felt in government in January 1891 Hawaiians native King, Kawa died and it's let me walk a lot at send it to the throne although she was educated in the US she rallied against us rule Hawaii for Hawaiians in 1893 American plantation owners plotted revealed with the help of US ambassador John L Stevens when the search Battleship Boston arrive Queen liliuokalani song that resistance was hopeless and sadly surrender her throne The Americans their own government with Sanford B Dole as the president US ambassador John L Stevens reported to Washington  the Hawaii pear is now fully ripe and this is the golden hour for the United States to park it  president Grover Cleveland however opposed the annexation The Sovereign Nation and tried in vain to restore liliuokalani to the throne  after William McKinley became president Hawaii was annexed in 80 radiate 1901 the influential Admiral Alfred Mahan became a military advisor to President McKinley hand was best known for his book the info sea power upon history 1660 to 1783 he advocated updating the u.s. Navy Fleet establishing Caribbean Naval bases recent us possessions in the Pacific the second half of the nineteenth Century found Spain holding tenuously to their empire Cuban Puerto Rico in the Caribbean  the Philippines and Guam in the Pacific meanwhile in the US the expansionist mood was at a fever pitch with us investments in Cuban sugar and Mining Industries steadily in 1870 Cuban Jose Marti at his first success as a rebel he penned a patriotic poem against Spanish the poem angered the Spanish government in Cuba so much they jailed Marty for four months and sent him into exile unported continue is political writing calling for Cuban Independence  it is terrible to speak of your Liberty for one who lives without you the wild beast does not end this name before it's a man with greater Fury  is Tanisha Spirit provided the Cuban lower national hero and hope of ending Colonial rule in 1894 Martin organized Guerrilla actions destroying us-owned sugarcane plantations in the Cuban flight against Spain Spain an army under General valeriano weyler crush the Rebellion Jose Marti was killed but his Revolution Lays.  Frustrated a rebel successes General weyler ordered 300,000 Cuban civilians into concentration camps  thousands died and the road wasp  but in for Cuba arrive from some unlikely allies rival newspaper publishers Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer for his stories about the butcher weyler not out of any Democratic seal the store recently bolstered news sales against pain in belly stories like this known as yellow journalism  Peter Frederic Remington was among the many reporters sent to cover the war in 1897 Remington find a Nevada Define there were no battles no-calorie charges and no artillery barrage is with no story to cover he wine everything is quiet there is no trouble there will be no war I wish to return some say first replied please who made you furnish the pictures and I will furnish the war and more discounts on January 25th 1898 do USS Maine steamed into Havana Harbor outwardly its mission was to help well the conflict between the Cubans and Spanish  on May 15th 1898 Captain Charles 60 was in his cabin after dinner his crew was below decks and explosion once I get the American headline screened it was a Spanish mine Remember the Maine became a rallying cry as the American public was whipped into a frenzy while the US Congress prepare the declaration of war against Spain is were deployed to the Caribbean and the Pacific  Angie expansionists protested loudly they believe the US was in danger of becoming imperialist Nation US Navy warship 125000 volunteers infuriated Spain declared war on the US two days later on April 25th ask reciprocated I'm the other side of the world in the Pacific Commodore George Dewey receive orders to seek the Spanish Fleet and capture destroy it the Philippines have been oppressed by the Spanish crown for more than 400 years for boking many revolutions US declared war on Spain Fry's the Spanish Fleet in Manila Bay  during the next three months some 11,000 US troops What's the Filipino level to defeat the Spanish  aguinaldo declared Philippine Independence on June 12th with the Philippines play Under Control u.s. troops moved on to capture Guam  meanwhile back in the Caribbean the 9th Cavalry a unit of African-American soldiers arrived in Cuba the Army Quartermasters totally unprepared for the thousands of troops boring in equipment was disorganized they were issued uniforms in the tropical heat both black and white soldiers were forced to live in unsanitary conditions with for rations music such as yellow fever broke out and thousands were hospitalized of the 5400 deaths in the Cuban campaign only 879 where the result of combat Teddy Roosevelt quit his desk job as Secretary of the Navy and became second-in-command of a volunteer regiments called the Rough Riders they were a Motley Crew of some 1,200 men including socially prominent Cowboys musicians and in critical Battle Hill two regiments of African American soldiers they sent cattle hill bucket great cost what a site was presented as I recruit the flat in front of Sam dead and wounded soldier it was indescribable  in short order the US captured San Juan Hill she's the Spanish word Cuban ships in the Straits of Havana what's the situation in hand in Cuba and the Pacific us now turned 18 thousand troops and a naval escort on another Spanish colony in the Caribbean Puerto Rico they landed it guanica Bay but before they could reach the capital city Spain agreed to sign a peace treaty with the United States putting an end to all military hostilities the war was over in just four months the truce with Spain was signed on August 12th 1898 it was a splendid little war commented soon-to-be Secretary of State John Hay  it may have been a splendid little war but it left a distasteful Legacy when December 10th 1898 the Treaty of Paris was signed giving the United States the right to occupy Cuba with full control over Puerto Rico Guam and the Philippines  in the Philippines Emilio aguinaldo and his supporters were angered as one colonial power was replaced another on February 4th 1899 he declare war on the US would you ask for **** taking on an ugly roll forcing Filipino civilians to live in areas where disease hunger and for sanitation killed much as the Spanish under butcher Winery did in Cuba in the end more than 20,000 Filipino Rebels and some 4th is it Americans we're dead at-home Anti-Imperialist complains of the war's purpose was to free Spain's colonies but the result was us becoming an imperial power the themed American writer Mark Twain sarcastically noted there must be two Americas what's a captive free and one that takes the once captives New Freedom away  ultimately the US Supreme Court decided how new territories would be handled Puerto Rico became Incorporated territory allowing Puerto Ricans to become US citizens and the right to vote on on the other hand the Philippines remained unincorporated In 1902 Filipinos held elections for their House of Representatives step on their long journey toward Independence  volatility knows we're struggling to gain independence in the Pacific a similar battle King wigs going to Caribbean in 1900 the Cubans wrote a constitution fearful that another country would dominate human affairs the US Congress insisted the Cubans add Provisions known as the Platt Amendment which limited Cuba's rights to make treaties and permit of the u.s. troops into Cuba to keyboard  Cuba became a protectorate of the United States as the 20th century opened China was in turmoil widespread opium addiction was endemic Rebellion drought and famine clean the lives of 60 million Chinese  sport inside divvied up the empire into spheres of influence areas where one country had exclusive rights to trade and vest and had special political right where the cooling base in the Philippines just 400 miles from China American businesses hope to take advantage of China's vast resources secretary of state had a brilliant idea he sent letters to all the suggesting an open door policy in China this policy would help us businesses by guaranteeing equal trading rights for all preventing one from discriminating against another at the same time the open door policy maintain the territorial Integrity of China and idea that is teal anti-imperialism whole other powers politely put hay off saying that won't open door policy is a good idea in principle they had no way of enforcing it  however hey despite the debate boldly announced that everyone had agreed to the policy everyone that is except China  Sushi Empress Dowager of the Qin dynasty was eager to rid her Empire of these foreign in Northern Shandong Province a secret society known as the fists of righteous Harmony attracted thousands of followers wanted to win China of foreign influences but they also sought to throw off the Yoke of the corrupt Chinese government foreigners called members of this Society boxers because they practiced martial arts boxers believe that through meditation and discipline they could put themselves in a mystical Shield so foreign bullets could not harm them the empress welcome the boxers is China's Defenders and turn their Fury squarely against the foreign community 1900 the boxers began their bloody can't pay $10 worth of property  about 900 foreigners blockaded themselves in their embassies for nearly two months repelling waves of boxers ammunition food and medical supplies were almost gone been shortly before Dawn now explosions from the city  where we the fattest Tigers of the Fable II final overpowering function facts  but instead relief had arrived troops from Britain France Germany Japan and the US fought their way into Peking to free their countrymen and put down the Rebellion the boxers believing they prettiest boys were cut down by the Falcons  on September 7th 1901 China and 11 other nations signed the boxer snuffing out the Rebellion foreign policy at the turn of the century was characterized by three vastly different philosophies  Theodore big stick diplomacy William Taft's Dollar Diplomacy and Woodrow Wilson's moral diplomacy Theodore Roosevelt abided by the Rick and Proverbs speak softly and carry a big stick he applied this big stick Theory to American foreign policy the leading the US take a strong role in Asia 1905 Roosevelt between Russia and Japan over Korea when Japan was angered by racist settlement in the US Roosevelt arranged a gentleman's agreement he would see that Asian discrimination ended turn Japan would have to limit Japanese immigration to the US give me a show of growing u.s. Naval might Roosevelt launched six who worships on a world tour painted brilliant white the flu till it was known as The Great White Fleet the tour was a Triumph what's was regarded as the most potent Naval power after the British  in the interest of connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Roosevelt turned his attention to a narrow strip of land in Columbia the Isthmus of Panama in 1903 Roosevelt's secretary of state John Hay failed in an attempt to treat a treaty with Columbia for the land but us interest were not to be denied Roosevelt back the Panamanian revolt and the go she ate it for the pain Canal Zone  NASA blocks for designed to win ships through the mountains and then lower them on the other side 1.53 million cubic meters of concrete report 70,000 workers a marvelous engineering achievement Roosevelt wielded in this big stick again adding a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine initiated in 1823 the Monroe Doctrine the policy to limit European expansion into the Western Hemisphere Roosevelt's corollary went further it stated that the US had the right intervene militarily to keep European powers out of the Western Hemisphere the Roosevelt Corollary was actually ties the very next year in 1905 in order to relieve the Dominican Republic debt to threatening foreign creditors  skin 1909 when William Howard Taft succeed Roosevelt as president he is stablished of foreign policy Latin America and China contrast Roosevelt's big stick policy came to dominate the economies of many nations in the Caribbean and South America recent but they were powerless in the face of the US Military  in 1913 Woodrow Wilson succeeded Taft as president Wilson offered another approach to foreign policy ejected big stick and Dollar Diplomacy in favor of a moral diplomacy a moral standard and not recognizing any government that is undemocratic or hostile to us interests to protect us business interest Wilson rally troops to stabilize Haiti the Dominican Republic and Cuba effectively turning them into US protectorates Wilson income you spell your in his dealings with Mexico  in the late 19th century corruption in Mexico was probably escalating with the assassination of Mexico's Francisco Madero in 1913 and the Assumption of Power by victoriano Huerta  not wanting to support a government by murder Wilson refuse to dignify huerta's government I am going to teach the South American republics to elect good man Wilson mobilized US Marines to capture the port of Veracruz in Mexico all those split over allegiance to where the Mexicans were United your opposition to US invasion and War was between two countries can you ask Bordertown and kill US citizens and expeditionary force of 11000 men under the leadership of General John J Pershing crossed in Mexico to hunt for Via after a year-long Pursuit pershing's expedition was called off but the affair increase anti-American sentiments US troops withdrew in 1917 and tensions eventually eased between Mexico and the US it stays forcibly entered the new century and Imperial power it little more than a century a nation founded on freedom discovered itself in will in troubling relationships with the peoples of its new territories and protectorates despite the turmoil a newborn

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