Videos

Turning Points 1871-1900

Added Jan 04, 2013 •

Copy this URL:
Embed code:	<iframe class="edlio-embed-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="360" src="//www.esperanzahs.net/apps/embed/?v=34887" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> Change dimensions

Show Transcript

America enters the 19th century an agricultural nation of 16 States and 5.3 billion people and Industrial power left the country that Define what it means to be an American Founders on the shore Lake Michigan Chicago was a Terminus for Farmers shipping produce vacuum connected first by canals in the 1830s to the interior of the Midwest and later in the 1850s and 16 by railroads grew into a cologne the 1873 through the city of Chicago amounted to 450 million dollars annually Visionary men like parrots I want enjoy school it's that with their manufacturing concerns there and her slaughterhouses received the piers driven Overland along the Chisholm in Abilene 1871 Chicago what's the largest city west of the Allegheny handling 1/10 of All American Commerce it was a city and change on a Sunday evening October 8th 1871 Chicago with experience the epitome of change on that fateful evening somewhere near O'Leary's Barn Legend has it got a cow kicked over a lantern and the rest is history chip called will burn to the ground  we of the earlier time so things about us to attend you with an almost color atmosphere for we lived in a present without a packed Frederick Francis Cook bygone days in Chicago the burnt District as it became known in complex in area for miles long by three-quarters of a mile wide Don 18,000 Building 100 20 miles of sidewalk mm Lamppost and 200 million dollars in Damages the burnt District was so hot it took two days however Chicago's remarkable potential for growth and industrialization never skip to me the capital of the Mercantile and business interest of this country and of Europe cannot afford withhold the means to rebuild show what she has been in the past she must become in the future and a hundredfold more  William Brock speech to the New York Commerce  be almost instantaneous rebuilding of Chicago has become symbolic of America's resiliency and it has been tested over and over again from the Chicago Fire to the Great Depression of the 1930s to the World Trade Center bombing of 2001  perhaps what does the very basis of the nation's democracy the American Spirits couple from the Pinnacle of the temple has always shown the capacity to renew itself reach even greater Heights departure so-called trial for attempting to vote in Rochester New York in 1872 the judge found her guilty find her $100 event after if she had anything to say  Susan B Anthony replied heatedly I have many things to say for in your ordered verdict of guilty you have trampled underfoot every vital principle of our government my natural rights civil rights my political rights my judicial rights are all alike ignore it robbed at the fundamental privilege of citizenship IMG grated from the status of the citizen map of a subject and not only myself individually but all of my sex are by your honor furnace Dooms to political subjection under this so turn off form of government  Susan B Anthony and a friend Elizabeth Cady Stanton became leaders in the campaign to give the right to vote to women 1870 Blackmill came the right to vote through the 15th Amendment however the journey for a woman's right to vote would be a 1878 the woman suffrage bill was introduced in Congress but not pass ironically I Montana Jeannette Rankin elected to that thing Congress before women would be allowed to vote in national elections  finally August 26th the 19th Amendment allowing women the right to vote was passed into law that virtually the same language as the bill introduced 42 years before the women's suffrage movement was a part of a wave of Reform activities that sprung up prior to the Civil War  Maybe without much exaggeration but everything is done now by Society you can scarcely name an object for which some institution has not been formed William Ellery Channing  need to take to become Institution for the carry through to the 21st century sing a balancing act to the mini Institute perpetrated by big business and government the highest rate of a headband by far the most important for the protection of citizens is the right to vote for the candidate division Troy had to have his vote counted as tax the have the United States and the Constitutions of all the dates Karen cheetahs right to all citizens who have not corporate is the Same by Commission of certain crime and conviction for it is not a question of Fitness intelligence weld color or previous condition of servitude but a right secured by the organic law how the country and bestowed upon all  these words written by the first black man in the form of Play-Doh hold office US House of Representatives The Honorable Robert Smalls of South Carolina Robert Smalls was elected to congress in 1875 and stay office until 1887  five years earlier Hiram Revels another black man had been appointed to fill the senate seat vacated by Jefferson Davis the president of the Confederacy must be coming the first black to join the United States Congress  after the Civil War most of the newly freed blacks unskilled workers without money and property they were adrift in a hostile environment by some estimates over 20,000 black men women and children were killed by white gang before federal troops were garrisoned in the south  but after the Reconstruction Act many blacks took a the New Freedom to gain education and political power Northern free blacks move South and were greeted by Southern white The Carpetbaggers northern and southern black the light games many political offices in the south in the ensuing years they quickly participated in the greater American society with skills for politics music in education  however when federal troops pulled out of the south in 1877 lights one more gain control of the political process even though black political power they had seen what they could achieve in their Spirits would they now had examples of men such as Robert Smalls who at one point Phila Confederate steamship name the plants are loaded with the navigation and turned it over to Union forces later doing the Union's colored Troops Smalls would rise to the rank of Captain in addition to u.s. Congress also served in South Carolina's House and Senate he died in 1915 in American Hero it was the time of the American Centennial 1876 United States was 100 years old in the 11 years since the Civil War a proven itself in the capacity to create great wonders  but none would be greater than what many describe as the most important breakthrough in information technology stop to Century the same light employees million today it's demonstration occurred on March 10th 1876 I then shouted into the mouthpiece the following sentence mr. Watson come here I want to see you too my delight he came and declare that he had heard and understood what I said Graham Bell  later he would show his invention of the telephone to the world the experiment went off Blended Lee even to the transmission of vocal Lottery articulate sounds were heard by all who listened into the tube the next year they'll and his supporters would organize the Bell Telephone Company Americans were now on a different path one that with extraordinary one that no one hundred years before could have been Vision in the play some before men like fire at McCormick and Robert Fulton create an engineering Marvels and their Vision that led to the industrialization of America the last part of the 19th century a new kind of inventor approach than me then like they'll Edison and Tesla used Science and Technology create totally new device rather than just improve old ways of doing labor  the constant flow of invention refocus Inlet instead of the other way around such as chip that's proved to be the greatest societal change of the 19th century for example nobody asked for the invention of the telephone by centuries and Bell company was worth a quarter of a billion dollars and over 1 million homes had tell the tombstone marks the spot where Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer fell in battle along with 264 men under his command the date was June 25th 1876 the place was near the Little Bighorn River in pencil Montana it was the Battle of the Little Bighorn also known as Custer's Last Stand  over 200 years the Plains Indians were a major pool American a new Native American Cultural rules around the Horton Buffalo a formidable warrior class you up with it it was a way of life Leslie controls the Great Plains up until the middle of the nineteenth century  put an 1848 the discovery of gold in California change and began the process that over the next 25 years so the Plains Indians to come to the white man's diseases in their Superior numbers the final straw was the gold rush into the Black Hills of South Dakota it was a secret area for Northern tribe to view this intrusion is a Elation of the 1868 treaty between the food and the federal government the outbreak of hostilities the pride went out to Washington to see Civil War hero General William T Sherman wrote I will urge General Sheridan to push his measures for the utter destruction and subjugation all who are outside the reservation in the hostile attitude  as a result Custer was sent on the reconnaissance missions to the Great Plains where he located in an encampment near the Little Bighorn River  Custer was the Golden Boy hero of the Civil War by most accounts he was arrogant overconfidence with presidential Ambitions so it came as no surprise that on his own he planned an attack against the encampment of fixed tribe gathered for Sunday it is estimated to have contain 10 to 15,000 Indians with over 2,500 Warriors  custard pie troops into 3 without  eventually those under his command were forced onto a hill near the Indian encampment where he and his men were slaughtered it was a brilliant military victory for the Indians led by the Sioux Chief Crazy Horse  the Little Bighorn was the biggest defeat do u.s. army by The Plains tribes but it also marked the end of the Indians way of life in the East where the Indians won pet sympathizers There's No Deal the Little Bighorn as a massacre the cry would be for me then the Man-Thing here this early 20th century who considered by many as the greatest inventor of all time in fact it was his invention that made this movie possible 1888 he had said I am experimenting upon instrument which does for the eye with the phonograph coach for the year  indeed photograph was another of the convention and it's 84 years he recorded 1093 patents when Thomas Alva Edison was asked what was best invention reply without hesitation that was the hardest in the most important as I said the development of the phonograph is most interesting good it took a long time  the public demonstration of his most important invention occurred on December 31st 79 Menlo Park New Jersey did it's hard to imagine the world without being conducted light its presence today is ubiquitin lighting up Mike.  This invention involved the thin filaments that could carry a small amount of electricity in a vacuum environment so as not to explode the incandescent light was immeasurably safer than gas forces of Light which I've been responsible for the disastrous Chicago Fire 10 years earlier can 1892 Ellison Road in Edison General Electric company with a Thomas Houston company renames General Electric by the 21st century this new company would become the most powerful Corporation in the world  Edison focus on the potential of small amounts of electricity opened up the world of technology we know today about this a couple experimentation not a single piece of the modern world for the Olympics photographs of visually recorded event in time had been a part of the 19th century American life since the first prototype cameras have been in rented by daguerre and Talbot around 1840 by the time of the Civil War photography at become a way of not only holding on to them the primary means of documenting history one man would have more impact on this new medium than any other he was George Eastman working as a bank teller in Rochester New York you became interested in photography as a way to record it vacations to the Caribbean  once exposed to the photographic please immediately set about improving them  up until the 1880 photography was a complex in cumbersome Affair using what Lexington Church of emotions on the glass backing Eastman saw the possibility of treating dry emotions on the flexible medium if you could do this it would change the photographic behavior of the world  the idea gradually dawned on me that what we were doing was not merely making dry plates but that we were starting out to make photography an everyday Affair to make the camera as convenient as the pencil George Eastman 1880 Eastland Vision was realized he succeeded in creating the first flexible film and immediately patented this product the same time you formed the Eastman dry Plate Company in 1888 the flexible roll film was introduced by along with a Kodak camera photography was now a vailable to everyone the slogan was you push the button we do the rats as for the name Kodak Eastman explained I devised the name myself the letter K had been a favorite with me the teams the strong one inside some sort of letter  this became a question of trying out a great number of combinations of letters that may words starting and ending with K the word code Act is the result Eastman also created a corporate structure and philosophy that is emulated play using the classical hierarchical management style it employed Engineers to stay on The Cutting Edge of Technology maintain the family like corporate culture reduce the recognizable yellow packet for its film and dominated the market for film for the next 80 year eventually Eastman would partner with comets Addison in watching the motion picture industry where Kodak film became the industry standard the Kodak camera of the 19th century change number of the worldview most historians would agree he was the most influential black educator of the 19th century Booker T Washington was also the knife that divided the black community on the one hand Washington policy of social model technical education and soliciting support from Rich Northern white branded him and his followers as Uncle Tom's on the other hand where the radicals led by w e Dubois who demanded nothing short of immediate social and political ecology in addition to Black advancement through the science letters and invention rather than later  whatever his field Washington was an elephant commune about the black sperience in the second half of 19 century America about reconstruction Washington wrote in his autobiography up from slavery I stopped at the Reconstruction policy so far is it related to my rate was in a large measure based on a Foundation was artificial and forced in many cases it seemed to me that the ignorance of my race was being you used as a tool with which to help white men into office and that there was an element in the north which wanted to punish the southern way add by forcing the Negro into Physicians over the head of the other white I felt that the Negro would be the one to suffer for this in end the event that would change Booker T Washington flight for crude in May of 1881 he was offered an opportunity to take control of a technical school and opportunity which he excitedly took during July of that year at the age of 25 Booker T took were the Tuskegee normal industrial Institute in Alabama a trade school  beginning with only two shots for the campus he would develop it in major black educational institution to move from field workers to Industrial labor at his death in 1915 he was both revered by those black to Old him their livelihood and reviled by those other glands tolls backlight hematology however that he was a great force in American history in 99 invest her bedroom at Glen Echo house true American Saints on April 12th 1912 at the age of 99 during her life she became one of America's most beloved women this house once the headquarters of the American Red Cross became the first National Historic Site dedicated to a woman this woman was Clara Barton 50 years old height of a civil war with 3,000 wounded men crying for help at the Battle of Bull Run Clara Barton moved onto the battlefield and did what she could with her Supply to alleviate the suffering of the soldiers army Surgeon General Doctor James I the first time we went out of dressings of every kind she supplied us with everything and why the shells were bursting and every direction keep stealing out shirts and preparing soup I thought that night if having ever sent an angel she must see one  moving from what is the battle with her aide Sarah became known as the angel of the battlefield she spoke of her efforts when you stand day and night can the presence of hardship in physical suffering you do not stop to think about the interest of your work there is not time for that ease pain choose Bara wrestling that is your only thought day and night after the war Barton explore the new humanitarian organization in Switzerland known as the Red Cross its goal was to provide aid for the Battle of Wounded without regard to nationality start a crossword of this organization back to America and immediately began working for its recognition by the United States government by May 20th 1881 had already put up the first chapter of the American Association of the Red Cross  a year later on March 16th 1882 Lapham broke to Barton from the Senate chamber Direction vention  not only did the United States government officially recognized the Red Cross Clara Barton's effort started the nation on the road to becoming a member of International fraternity of Nations  from an early Days Inn Glen Echo Health the spirit of Clara Barton went forth into the fledgling organization until today Red Cross stronger than ever a model for caring and hope throughout the world wherever there is a disaster the Red Cross is there being an active the coming of Chinese laborers to be United States Shelby and the famous hereby suspended and during such suspension it will not be long for any Chinese labor to come preamble to the Chinese Exclusion Act 47 Congress 1882 ugly chapter in American Immigration America's industrial power has been built on the backs of cheap labor labor imported from elsewhere as industrial is Clay princess The Immigrant however in literate or ignorant he may be always learns to soon such was the case with the Chinese in first entered California in 1848 to search for gold however Justice quickly they were forced out of the Goldfield until teen jobs the Chinese role in building the Western Railway network is legendary they were present at the driving of the golden spike at Hama Utah completing the Transcontinental Railroad but with the economic downturn in 1873 a huge backlash arose again Chinese the same decade immigration into the us became a national issue for the first time and continues to the present day men like Henry George shake the anti-chinese sentiment in the United States George describe the Chinese as other treacherous sensual cowardly and cruel their moral standard is as low as their standard of comfort play practice all the name of all vices of the East generally apparently clean but he'll see in their habit quarters with noisy Motors and Darth Reed places for pestilence put the passage of the Chinese Exclusion connect American leaders now felt that white label would be saved from the Mongol hordes  however as wealth concentrated Evermore in the hands of the the pain and importation of fresh uneducated immigrant labor would repeat itself over and over again until in the present day the mantle of Labor bowling on the Hispanic worker the Chinese Exclusion Act was repealed in 1943 so that now there is a thriving tiny culture in many parts of the United States persons attempting to find a motive in this narrative will be prosecuted persons something to find a moral in it will be banished persons attempting to find a plot in it will be shot so began the book that caused Ernest Hemingway to clear all modern literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn  The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was M15 84 and published in 1885 it is the story of Huck Finn a young lad who lived along the Mississippi River who needed to free from the hypocritical constraints of society in time what teams up with the runaway slave Jim and together they Journey Down the Mississippi River cupcake Jemma the human well everyone else in the book season is conferences the originality of the book also laying it's writing its characters what's the local length and employ that are to show the shortcomings of nineteenth-century American Life Mark Twain was born how many old Langhorne Clemens in Missouri in 1835 at the outbreak of the Civil War each owes not to become involved and went Wet and began his mirror lighter  America's great writers in the two decades before the Civil War po Emerson Melville Whitman hints to put the American reflection into literature for the first time the last part of the 19th century Twain became part of an what Cadre of American Writers Henry James Russell Lowell Bret Hart the writing was more realistic viewing directly with social show me images of characters from this point on American Writers caring for the tradition of great literature equal to any in the world tween would go on to become the most portable of American authors first God made the jackass for practice then he made congressman one of the most striking differences between a cat and a lie is that a cat only has nine lives the man with the new ideas are cracked Kelly ideas be good and you'll be lonesome when Daniel Boone cross the Appalachian Mountains Apprentice of Western Branson and settlement began that was about to end with the Oklahoma Land Rush of 1889  Oklahoma at this time with land feed it Native American tribes but at the urging of many dusted in particularly the real roots in Indian Land what will government declared two million Acres of Indian Land open to black and white settlers that new April 22nd 1889 the event was cool by the Harper's Weekly  Somerset to recent settlement of Oklahoma with the most remarkable thing of the present tantrum at 12 on Monday April 22nd resident population of Guthrie was nothing before Sundown it was at least ten thousand what's a Thai stick houses in Hungary home-seekers to a gathered from all parts of the country ready the last their horses into serious feed in the race for fertile spot in the beautiful land for them there was a fun Race For Humanity Fortuna Riders again to spread out like a fan by the time they Verizon they were scattered about as far as I could see  solving the land rush Congress created the Oklahoma territory on May 2nd 18 in succeeding years or more strips of Indian Land were open to settlers the largest being 6 million Acres known as the Cherokee Outlet in 1890 are you  the process of freeing up Indian land was followed in other states in South Dakota over nine million acres of land was taken from the Sioux I'm open to White settlers the 1907 Oklahoma became the 46th state home to more Native Americans than any other the Indian War was between the United States and the Native American ended at this lonely place in Southwestern South Dakota on a cold December morning 1890 the 14 days before the great Sioux Chief Sitting Bull have been killed by private police accompanied by US soldiers who had come to arrest the agent Warrior for protecting the loss of 9 million Acres of Native American land the paint I'm there arrives in the Pine Ridge reservation a new ritual the Ghost Dance created by the pilots mataya go Boca Saskatchewan power the Native Americans than would bring back the old ways of living on the Prairie all dance everywhere people dancing pretty soon the next spring great spirit hung he bring back all game of every kind all that it is hump back live again polka party Messiah  A desperate Pine Ridge agent James McLaughlin Wireless government what's a military post until the matter is quieted and this should be done now what's a Ghost Dance Bigfoot at Sioux Chief was returning with his people to the reservation for protection along the way they were intercepted by the 7th Calvary under the command of turn the Forsyth and taken to a place near Wounded Knee Creek the next morning as an agent and sick Bigfoot was negotiating with military officials for just planet of the Indian fire the cowboy opened up with artillery and rifles in a few short minutes over 300 Indians mostly women and children were dead including Bigfoot  and those few short moments the Indian wars were forever over today Moonies Monument is a sacred spot for the indigenous people at the North American Plains  from the point Native Americans Wounded Knee with the last in the series of atrocities and broken promises perpetrated by the federal government in the 19th century right or wrong from the government's point of view it was the last uprising of the American Indians and its suppression was a gallant action by armies forces it's not often the full expression of their invention Edison lower Humanity connected by his telephone nor did Eastman Kodak film on the choke of stores across the globe but Frank Drury live to keep Highway Plaza in an automobile parked in every driver the first American Automobile gasoline engine invented earlier by another American in 1879 when I was at the Ohio State Fair I saw a gasoline engine built by HK text I thought this would be sufficiently compact power carrots on the September 22nd 1893 after many hours of hard work we pulled out of the shed for the first test run people said it was no more than a simple wagon with a motor but it could reach a top speed of 5 miles per hour pause.  The automobile would go on to transform American society primarily in the hands of Henry Ford Americans and the I'm half of the nineteenth Century develop the tremendous pension for inventions inventions that were patented and turned into business perhaps not always by the inventor forever Eastland there were others like the Duryea brothers who would never see a penny of income from their ideas while the spark for invention in the night century is a bonfire by the 20th century of America at the Forefront of Technology where are you living at the time of his death in 1896 the Supreme Court of the United States rubber stamp the principle of equal but separate for blacks and whites in Southern States the upholding of Plessy versus Ferguson would guaranteed segregation and racial hatred would persist for another three-quarters of a century when federal troops pulled out of the south in 1877 white quickly found legal ways to deprive blacks of their equal rights and went on to pass a series of prologue making it illegal for blacks and whites to commingle they could not share the same restaurants School trains in public and private Institution 1890 Louisiana Pastor Jim Crow law requiring railroad provide separate cars for blacks and whites summer puppy challenge the law by sitting in a white only car and was arrested country clean the law deleted the 14th Amendment Clause of equal protection under the law  the state of Louisiana argued that black three feet equal treatment just separate face went all the way to the US Supreme Court Justice John Marshall Harlan and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens in respect of simple right all citizens are equal before but the Court's majority cited with the state the majority opinion said we consider the underlying fallacy of the plaintiff you meant to consist in the Assumption of that the importation of the two races stamp the colored race with a badge of inferiority if its bestow it is not fair was anything found in the ACT but solely because the colored race chooses to put that construction upon it the argument also with them that's social prejudices may be overcome by letter Haitian we cannot accept this proposition legislation is powerless to eradicate racial into things or to abolish distinctions based upon physical differences if One racing Furious to the other socially the Constitution of the United States cannot put them up on the same plane  best of government abandoned the black cause of integration into American political life leaving this divisive issue for succeeding generations to Saul America opens the 19th century was one kind of expansion Manifest Destiny and close the century with a new kind of expansion imperialism  many times before American Tech moves into new land and territory Texas California Hawaii establishing a powerful UK how many present presidents that would eventually cry out for protection from the Homeland 1895 The Cry came from the economic interest where the American sugar Growers the threat was the Cuban revolutionaries trying to free themselves from their Spanish overlords this time the wharf River was fanned by a powerful new source the Press  as a result the battleship Maine was sent to the Countess Harbor as a show of force and to protect American interests the main Captain Charles sigsbee described what happened on that fateful Night February 1998 Topps echo through his tablet I laid down my pen and listen to the notes of the bugle which were singularly beautiful in your what's a Stillness of the night I was in closing my letter and an envelope and explosion came situation cannot be mistaken the main was blowing up and thinking pause of the explosion that sank the Maine was never determined the Press with the certain who was responsible like the Alamo 60 years before the rallying cry was remember the Maine to **** with Spain  the new Warhawk Teddy Roosevelt in Commodore George Dewey agitated for an MD Cuba on April 24th 1898 Spain declared war on the United States United States responded by saying a state of War at all existed since the 21st  the Spanish-American War which was later described by Secretary of State John Hay a splendid little war in the Pacific on May 1st Commodore Dewey and his flotilla of ships were visiting Hong Kong when he received word of the war he can't we set sail for the Spanish colony in the Philippine Islands  there he encountered the Spanish Fleet at Manila Harbor  in a matter of hours the Spanish fleet was completely destroyed while only one American sailor had died  Teddy Roosevelt let his Rough Riders on American in Spanish Sportage method to San Juan Hill anxious for victory mounted on the Roosevelts paper and pencil in hand let his charge up the ridge reaching the top of the hill he thought the Spanish descendants between Kentucky Aqua Harper leave the Morning by taking Spanish Fleet attacked the blockading American ship demon crosses a battleship or I can describe it was a big turkey shoot complete came out and went to Davy Jones's Locker  by noon the Spanish ships were all destroyed another American Force to Puerto Rico on August 9th and the war was essential oils Spain ceded the Philip Juan Puerto Rico to the United States and Cuba became an independent nation America with now ready to move into the 20th century International Imperial power with a new kind of leader Teddy Roosevelt

Uploaded by Wayne Elmore.

Videos

Turning Points 1871-1900

More videos from Wayne Elmore